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RTE ( Sideeffects)
It’s tricky to stay on the right path
Nandita Sengupta | TNN
An unlikely fallout of the Right to Education Act (RTE) is the shrinking space for the efficient community schools run by small NGOs. Most NGOs, say experts, are now focusing on sending children to government schools as per the RTE. Even they find it difficult to run their small home-grown schools by the stringent RTE guidelines. But the transition is tricky.
Recalling a case in Jhabua, educationist Meena Shrinivasan points to the problems faced by a village NGO doing remarkable work in moving their students to a government school. “The NGO teacher, himself a tribal, offered to take some sessions with tribal kids in Class 1 of the government school to help them learn Hindi. He was totally discouraged,” says Shrinivasan, who evaluates projects for funding agencies and is also a consultant for tribal education.
While NGOs that cheat parents and children will be tackled by the RTE, the “ones doing good work, especially in tribal areas, will also be elbowed out,” she argues. The teacher at Jhabua started a parallel school to help kids cope with the transition into the government school system. Most NGO-run community schools use the local language to make learning easier.
Though there’s scope within the National Curriculum Framework to localize content, the provision remains on paper. “No government school allows communities to localize content as they operate on rigid structures,” says Shrinivasan. It is this crucial role of a bridge between an informal educational programme and mainstream schooling — generally played by smaller NGOs — that is getting limited.
NGOs penetrate remote or difficult areas where there are cultural barriers, such as Mewat bordering Rajasthan, observes Vinod Raina of Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti. “NGOs can create viable models to make education effective. Theirs is not a function of scale, they should not be the ones to fulfill straight delivery targets.” NGOs help ‘reach’ remote areas and groups such as those in Mewat, where cultural barriers keep a child from going to school.
Mass-scale delivery of education is the state’s responsibility, says Raina, adding that scale can never be an educational NGO’s primary concern. “You have to understand that all NGOs put together barely reach about 1% of the child population in India,” he says. He suggests that NGOs develop models of skill education. “The state provides industrial vocational skills, though 93% of labour is in the unorganized sector — textiles, crafts and so on.”
Migration from windows to ubuntu…

Are you planning to get rid of Windows and switch to Ubuntu? Or just have switched and don’t know where to find all those old applications which you were using before on Windows? Then continue reading…
Last year I decided to completely switch from Windows to Linux. The reason for doing this was none other than PIRACY! For a long time, my inner-self was cursing me for using pirated stuff. And there was nothing which I could do at that time. Simply because I don’t want to pay for all those programs which I were using. Programs such as converting software, anti-viruses, download managers, video players, anti-spy-wares and the list goes on… Then I came to know about Ubuntu (A free linux based OS). Knowing the fact that Ubuntu had many hardware’s drivers related issues, I still switched and hoped for the best. I found Ubuntu very impressive. Much better and easy to understand interface than Windows. With lots of amazing effects with the help of additional software (such as Compiz Fusion). Ubuntu Software Center helped me finding lots of applications and installation of these applications was only a single click away. And all of these stuff for only 0 rupees!!!! Ya you hear me right! Its absolutely FREE!
But still I had some difficulty in finding the exact match for my former favorite applications which I previously used on Windows. But at last Ubuntu really satisfied me without demanding a single PAISA!!! ![]()
So right now I’ve compiled a list of my favorite applications on Ubuntu which are actually alternatives to what I used previously on Windows!
Internet Download Manager (aka IDM):
Internet Download Manager was indeed my favorite application on Windows which I used to download lots of Videos and Huge ISO files. After switching to Ubuntu I had difficulty finding the exact match for it. In fact a lot of people still face the same problem. But not anymore.
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Presenting the new plugin for Firefox “downTHEMall!” It supports many features such as multiple connections, pause/resume, auto-downloading/single click download. Plus it can download all of the files present in a webpage. You can apply a filter to download specific file types such as .jpg only. ![]()
You can get this plugin from:
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/201/
Or visit its official website: http://www.downthemall.net/
Adobe PhotoShop
If you’re a designer or web developer then you know better than anyone that how much this software is important for designing and editing images. Well Ubuntu have solution for this too:
GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed piece of software for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. It works on many operating systems, in many languages. It comes built-in with Ubuntu. But you can also install it on Windows too!
Though it is very easy to understand and use, many users after using Photoshop find it very difficult to adopt to GIMP’s interface. To solve this issue, the open source community developed hack for GIMP which provides the interface of Photoshop but functionality of GIMP. It is called the GIMPSHOP.
Windows Movie Maker
From filming a small video clip for YouTube to editing a large ceremony video, Movie Maker helped me a lot because of its simplicity and ease of use. Lets see what Ubuntu has to offer:
Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. It supports many file types, including AVI, DVD compatible MPEG files, MP4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities. I was waiting for such simple application for years!! Atlast!!
Now I can easily edit my video clips without rebooting to Windows! ![]()
Adobe Dreamweaver CS3
My favorite application for developing advanced web pages. It was the primary tool which aided me for developing PHP files. Creating a database connection was only some clicks away. Dreamweaver is a very advanced application program and development of such applications is very costly. Interestingly, Open Source Community again beats this commercial app:

For quick and effortless web development – Quanta Plus is steadily becoming a worthwhile competitor to the commercial web editors on the market. Quanta Plus’s features include multi-document interface, WYSIWYG editing and templates. Among the advanced features your will find team development, plug-in support and a PHP debugger. The objective of the team behind Quanta Plus is simply to developer the best tool for web development.
Macromedia Flash Professional CS3
To attract and retain more users, many web developers are using animations which are not only effective but also fast and low in size. Flash was originally made to create multimedia for the web where HTML was not enough – and being vector-based it provides high quality graphics. In some terms it even competes with Java’s applets since both lets you run applications in your through your web-browser. Lets see what open source has to offer:
OpenLaszlo is an open source development platform for web applications. It’s main target today is generating macromedia flash files (swf)and AJAX/DHTML for use on web pages and sites. OpenLaszlo is script based with it’s own LZX programming language – and eventhough it does not provide a wysiwyg user interface it a still simple to use and applications are easy to build. For building rich internet applications OpenLaszlo is a great tool. And recently OpenLaszlo and SUN made a joint announcement to make OpenLaszlo available on Java micro edition (J2ME), which includes mobilephones and set-top boxes.
WinRAR
No need to introduce this one. Its the most famous compressing tool. WinRAR is a popular shareware file archiver and data compression utility. It is one of the few applications that is able to create RAR archives natively, because the encoding method is held to be proprietary. WinRAR itself is free for Windows but unfortunately WinRAR for Linux is based on a command-line interface. But don’t worry linux users! Here comes the solution:
Install WinRAR on WINE:
WINE is Windows Emulator for linux which can run Windows executable programs on Linux. If you want to use the GUI version of WinRAR on linux then simply first install WINE and then install WinRAR on it. To unrar any RAR file simply open it with WINE>WinRAR.
Tata Group amongst top 50 global brands
Finally Ratan Tata has a reason to smile. In a first for any Indian brand, one of the country’s oldest conglomerates, Tata Group has entered the top 50 global brands league, according to the latest ‘Global 500′ list by Brand Finance. Clearly, the Indian brand story seems to be heading north and the report also suggests that it is the first time in many years that nine Indian brands are featured on the list, adding $46.6 billion to the global intangible value.
Tata Group, with a brand value of $15.08 billion (versus $11.2 billion last year) stands tall in the top 50 global league. It has been a household brand for decades now and with some major global acquisitions has grabbed international headlines in recent years.
Globally, Google was crowned the king of brands as it grabbed the number one position with a brand value of $44.29 billion. Google, ranked number two last year, dethroned Wal-Mart, which slipped from the pole position to settle at third spot.
Microsoft saw an appreciation from fifth to second spot. While IBM maintained its position at number four, Vodafone notched up two rankings from last year’s seventh spot to enter the elite top five club. Coca-Cola dropped out of the top 10 for the first time and had a hard landing at 16th spot from last year’s princely third position.
The other Indian brands include Reliance Industries, State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, BPCL, Infosys, Bharti Airtel and Wipro. Surprisingly RIL slipped to 133 from 108 with a brand value of $6.99 billion. Only Tata, State Bank of India and Infosys have bettered their rankings over those of last year to feature at positions 50, 171, and 378, respectively.
The tiny cube that could cut your cell phone bill
LightRadio is small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, but Alcatel-Lucent designed it to fix a big problem.
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) — As mobile data usage skyrockets, wireless companies are spending billions each year to maximize capacity, and consumers end up footing the cost in the form of higher cell phone bills.
But a cube that fits in the palm of your hand could help solve that problem.
It’s called lightRadio, a Rubik’s cube-sized device made by Alcatel-Lucent (ALU) that takes all of the components of a cell phone tower and compresses them down into a 2.3-inch block. Unlike today’s cell towers and antennas, which are large, inefficient and expensive to maintain, lightRadio is tiny, capacious and power-sipping.
As tiny as it is, it has been tasked with solving an enormous problem.
The global wireless industry is spending $210 billion a year to operate their networks, and $50 billion to upgrade them, according to Alcatel-Lucent and PRTM. Networks are dealing with that cost by putting data caps in place with heavy overage charges and by raising prices on their smartphone and tablet plans.
Despite all that spending and pressure on consumers to curb their data usage, the networks are fighting a losing battle. Mobile data usage is expected to grow 30 times in the next four to five years and 500 times in the next ten years, according to Alcatel-Lucent.
With a combination of miniaturization and cloud technology, lightRadio just might be able to help wireless carriers keep pace with their customers.
Their small size and centralized operation lets wireless companies control the cubes virtually. That makes the antennas up to 30% more efficient than current cell towers. Live data about who is using the cubes can be assessed, and the antennas’ directional beams can be shifted to maximize their potential. For instance, radios may be pointed in one direction as people are coming to work in the morning and another direction as they’re leaving work at the end of the day.
The lightRadio units also contain multi-generational antennas that can relay 2G, 3G and 4G network signals all from the same cube. That cuts down on interference and doubles the number of bits that can be sent through the air.
Today’s cell towers, by contrast, send power in all different directions, most of which is lost, since it doesn’t reach anyone’s particular devices. They’re inefficient in other ways as well: Roughly half of the power from cell towers’ base stations is lost before it makes its way up to the antennas at the top of the tower. And they have separate antennas for 2G, 3G and 4G networks, causing interference problems.
All of lightRadio’s smart technology and power efficiency can help cut carriers’ operating costs in half, Alcatel-Lucent believes.
“We need to think differently about this, because no one wants limits,” said Tod Sizer, head of wireless research at Alcatel-Lucent’s Bell Laboratories. “We hope to solve this problem so that the AT&Ts (T, Fortune 500), Verizons (VZ, Fortune 500) and Sprints (S, Fortune 500) of the world will be able to provide the data capacity that is needed by the customer.”
The lightRadio trials will begin in September 2011, and the company expects to be producing them in volume by 2012. Several carriers have expressed interest in the technology, and Sprint Nextel plans to try out the cubes later this year.
“Sprint is talking to Alcatel Lucent about this technology and we will be working with them to test and evaluate it,” a Sprint spokeswoman said. “We have been aggressive in smaller factor cell sites to help us support the growth in data traffic.”
Sizer said he sees lightRadio as a complimentary technology to existing cell towers. Those big antennas still serve a purpose, providing long distance signals or beams down a highway.
But as wireless companies add infrastructure to keep up with the ever-rising data demands from tablets and smartphones, carriers are finding that they’re running into a cost and a space issue: Towers are expensive, and they’re running out of room to erect new ones.
Each 1.5-Watt lightRadio cube powers about a two-block radius, so in urban areas, they can be deployed throughout the city and stacked like Lego blocks in stadiums or other areas that need extra capacity. In rural areas, they can be deployed atop existing cell towers in arrays.
“The thing that’s incenting us to move quickly is that more and more people are using smartphones, and my customers are being crushed by the enormous amount of data that people want to use,” said Sizer. “We have to meet the access demands of the consumer, who wants to access data in any place.”
A genius approach to web security
Song in a study area in her Berkeley office By Michael V. Copeland, senior writerMarch 18, 2011: 4:26 PM ET
FORTUNE — The prototypical computer security expert is some ponytailed guy with a three-day beard and an uncomfortable habit of telling hacker war stories that make you scared to go online for weeks. Then there’s Dawn Song, a 36-year-old associate professor at the University of California at Berkeley and a MacArthur Foundation fellow (also known as a MacArthur genius). With her broad smile and laugh, Song puts a visitor at ease, then begins mapping the Internet out on a whiteboard. The whole genius thing quickly becomes apparent.
Song and her research team aren’t looking to simply patch holes in the Internet that online baddies are constantly trying to penetrate. She takes a more holistic approach, designing technology tools that can act as building blocks for an overall secure computing experience — on any device. The proliferation of smartphones and tablets means more people are trying to share sensitive information via the public Internet instead of private networks, a practice that makes Song shudder. “If I have uploaded my data naively into the cloud, the best I can do now is cross my fingers and hope that whoever is storing my data is doing a good job with their security,” she says.
By studying the underlying patterns of how software, hardware, and networks interact, Song has become expert at understanding the flow of both “good” data and ill-intentioned hacks. Song’s groundbreaking research has become the basis for two important platforms: BitBlaze, which analyzes malicious software code, and WebBlaze, which focuses on defending web-based applications and services against it. (The WebBlaze approach has been used in the design of mainstream web browsers.) Song is also working on the privacy side of things, so that people can trace where their sensitive data have been and know that it is either secure or has been sold or breached.
Song’s hope is that BitBlaze, WebBlaze, and her privacy initiatives become fundamental Internet tools that are deployed when any person or company builds a new cloud-based service or overhauls an existing one. Her team is working on commercial versions of the security platforms that would offer custom analysis to paying customers.
Google Maps’ Android app now routes drivers around traffic

- Blog says feature will “guide you along the best route given the current traffic conditions”
- So far, the iPhone Google Maps app lacks this traffic-avoiding feature
- TomTom iPhone app has offered traffic-dodging functionality for some time
Editor’s note: Amy Gahran writes about mobile tech for CNN.com. She is a San Francisco Bay Area writer and media consultant whose blog, Contentious.com, explores how people communicate in the online age.
(CNN) — Recently, Google announced that the Android version of its Google Maps app now automatically routes users around traffic when providing directions.
According to the Google Blog, Google Maps navigation previously “would choose whichever route was fastest, without taking current traffic conditions into account. It would also generate additional alternate directions, such as the shortest route or one that uses highways instead of side roads.
“[Now], our routing algorithms will also apply our knowledge of current and historical traffic to select the fastest route from those alternates. That means that navigation will automatically guide you along the best route given the current traffic conditions.”
It will be interesting to see, as this feature develops, how well it adjusts for recurring or special events that not only cause congestion but also block traffic.
For instance, could Google Maps navigation account for street closures for fairs and marathons — especially if they’re held in the same location annually?
What about drawbridges that tend to open at regular times? Or St. Patrick’s Day parades? Or what about when streets get flooded, or when public safety agencies shut down access to an area in an emergency?
Or what about when Critical Mass bikers or zombie hordes overtake city streets?
So far, the iPhone Google Maps app lacks this traffic-avoiding feature, but it’s probably coming soon. For now, iPhone users of Google Maps can still use the “alternate routes” feature, with the live traffic layer enabled, to find their own ways around traffic.
Or you can try the HD Traffic feature on the TomTom iPhone app, which, according to Pocket-lint, has offered traffic-dodging functionality for some time.
Twitter turns 5, goes from 0 to 140 million tweets a day
NEW YORK (CNNMoney) — Five years ago today, Twitter cofounder Jack Dorsey blasted off the very first tweet. What began as an experiment in “microblogging” — no more than 140 characters, please — has become a cultural landmark.
Twitter now has 200 million users, including tech luminaries, celebrities and the president of the United States. It started off slowly: In 2007, Twitter averaged just 5,000 tweets per day. But in 2009, the site hit a tipping point and became a broadcast channel for major news events.
The now-iconic photo of passengers lined up on the wings of the plane Capt. Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger landed in the Hudson River went out to the world on Twitter (from @jkrums: “There’s a plane in the Hudson. I’m on the ferry going to pick up the people. Crazy.”). Six months later, during Michael Jackson’s funeral, users blasted off 456 tweets per second — a site record at the time. Now, those numbers look quaint: Twitter currently fields 140 million tweets in a typical day, or more than 1,600 every second.
The site’s most dramatic moments have come during political uprisings. In Moldova, Iran, Tunisia and Egypt, protestors turned the site into a communications hub, using it to coordinate plans and broadcast their message. The U.S. State Department spotlighted Twitter’s growing role in global statecraft when, during the Iranian election protests, it asked the company to delay planned maintenance and keep its network running.
“I’ve had a career-long interest in this democratization of information, getting people to express themselves, especially places where they wouldn’t have a voice,” co-founder Biz Stone told CNNMoney in an interview last year.
Exponential expansion comes with growing pains. Twitter’s “Fail Whale” mascot became famous thanks to frequent appearances as the site’s infrastructure struggled to keep up with usage spikes.
The company has been through two management shakeups. The first, in 2008, had co-founder Evan Williams take over from Dorsey as CEO; the second, five months ago, moved then-COO Dick Costolo into the top spot.
He’s got a daunting challenge: Turn Twitter into a business. The site now has 400 employees and raised an eye-popping $360 million from investors, but has generated scant revenue.
If it wants to survive another five years, it needs to turn tweets into profits. Search engines like Google and Microsoft’s Bing pay Twitter for access to its “firehose” of real-time tweet data; advertising is another revenue stream. Costolo’s job is to find enough moneymakers to justify Twitter’s $4 billion valuation.
Twitter’s earliest pioneers have moved on. Jack Dorsey is now working on building a mobile payment platform at his new company, Square. After helming a big redesign last summer, Evan Williams is taking an extended break from day-to-day Twitter involvement.
But Dorsey says that whatever happens next for Twitter, it’s already established a legacy and changed how we communicate online.
“The big thing I learned from Twitter are these concepts of immediacy, transparency, and approachability,” Dorsey says. “I think Twitter’s done a very good job for the communications industry.” ![]()
Japan nuclear crisis ‘will be overcome’, says IAEA

The situation at Japan’s quake-damaged nuclear plant remains very serious, the head of the UN nuclear watchdog said.
But IAEA director-general Yukiya Amano said he had “no doubt that this crisis will be effectively overcome”.
Workers at the Fukushima Daiichi plant have been battling to cool reactors and spent fuel ponds to avoid a large-scale release of radiation.
Meanwhile, the death toll from the quake and tsunami has risen to 8,450, with nearly 13,000 people missing.
‘Positive developments’
The Fukushima plant was crippled by fire and explosions after the 11 March quake and tsunami.
FUKUSHIMA UPDATE
- Reactor 1: Damage to the core from cooling problems. Building holed by gas explosion. Power lines attached.
- Reactor 2: Damage to the core from cooling problems. Building holed by gas blast; containment damage suspected. Power lines attached.
- Reactor 3: Damage to the core from cooling problems. Building holed by gas blast; containment damage possible. Spent fuel pond partly refilled with water after running low.
- Reactor 4: Reactor shut down prior to earthquake. Fires and explosion in spent fuel pond; water level partly restored.
- Reactors 5 & 6: Reactors shut down. Temperature of spent fuel pools now lowered after rising high.
Electricity has been restored to three of six reactors and engineers hope to test water pumps soon.
Earlier, some workers were temporarily evacuated from the complex after grey smoke was seen rising from the No 3 reactor.
Reports said the smoke appeared to have come from a pool where the reactor’s spent fuel rods were kept.
Radiation levels did not appear to have risen significantly though after the smoke was spotted, the IAEA and Japan’s nuclear safety agency said.
White smoke was later seen rising from the No 2 reactor.
“The crisis has still not been resolved and the situation at the [plant] remains very serious,” Mr Amano, the head of the IAEA, told an emergency board meeting.
But he said he was starting to see positive developments; the cooling system had been restored to reactors 5 and 6, and they “are no longer an immediate concern”.
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IAEA director-general Yukiya Amano says the situation at the plant is “very serious”
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission – whose staff are in Tokyo conferring with the Japanese government and industry officials – said the Japanese nuclear crisis appeared to be stabilising.
The NRC said that reactors 1, 2 and 3 had some core damage but their containment was not currently breached.
Meanwhile, the government has ordered a halt to some food shipments from four prefectures around the Fukushima nuclear plant, as concern increases about radioactive traces in vegetables and water supplies.
Villagers living near the plant have been told not to drink tap water because of higher levels of radioactive iodine.
The suspension – which the government said was just a precaution – applies to spinach from the prefectures of Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi and Gunma, as well as milk from Fukushima.
Analysis
Richard Black Environment correspondent, BBC News
Technicians at the Fukushima plant are now battling with damage inflicted to electrical systems by the tsunami – and possibly by the earthquake that preceded it, and the gas explosions that subsequently rocked some of the reactor buildings.
Mains electricity has now arrived at three buildings, and at least in one it has been succesfully connected to water pumps.
Some of the circuitry that distributes power around the site has been damaged, and it may be some days before all pumps and all instruments can be connected.
Some key information – such as the water temperature in some of the spent fuel ponds – is still missing, perhaps because instruments were destroyed by fire.
Nevertheless, the power station is undeniably more stable than at any time last week, and for the first time the International Atomic Energy Agency says it ‘has no doubt’ that the crisis will be overcome.
Over the weekend spinach and milk produced near the nuclear plant was found to contain levels of radioactive iodine far higher than the legal limits.
However, senior government official Yukio Edano told a news conference that eating or drinking the contaminated food would not pose a health hazard. “I would like you to act calmly,” he said.
The World Health Organization said it had no evidence of contaminated food reaching other countries. However, China, Taiwan and South Korea have announced plans to toughen checks of Japanese imports.
Bad weather forced Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan to cancel a planned visit to emergency workers near the Fukushima plant.
It is also making the recovery work a much more difficult task.
Search-and-relief efforts in the prefecture of Miyagi, where the police chief believes the final quake-tsunami death toll could reach 15,000, have been delayed by driving rain.
“We basically cannot operate helicopters in the rain,” Miyagi official Kiyohiro Tokairin said.
“We have been using helicopters to deliver relief goods to some places but for today we have to switch the delivery to places that we can reach by road,” he said.
More than 350,000 people are still living in evacuation centres in northern and eastern Japan.
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Rikuzentakata fire chief: “I spend all day looking for the bodies of my firemen”
There are shortages of food, water, fuel and medicine in the shelters, officials say.
Some aid from foreign countries has started to arrive, and the government has started the process of finding temporary housing in other parts of the country for those made homeless.
Workers in north-east Japan have begun building temporary homes for the displaced. The prefabricated metal boxes with wooden floors were put up on the hillside near the devastated town of Rikuzentakata.
Nearly 900,000 households are still without water.
In a rare piece of good news, an 80-year-old woman and her grandson were found alive on Sunday in the rubble of their home in Ishinomaki city, where they were trapped for nine days.

Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study says
A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
The team’s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
Nonlinear dynamics is invoked to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the “utility” of speaking one instead of another.
“The idea is pretty simple,” said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement.
“It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
“For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there’s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.”
The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
Some of the census data the team used date from the 19th century“In a large number of modern secular democracies, there’s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%,” Dr Wiener said.
The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the “non-religious” category.
They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
“I think it’s a suggestive result,” Dr Wiener said.
“It’s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
“Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.”




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